METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
This
chapter describes the methodology used to explore more about the good
management in institutions and students’ preparation of knowledge about
chemicals can improve students’ awareness in handling chemicals. This section
explains a) research
design, b) sampling frame, c) sampling technique, d) sampling size, e) population, f) data
collection procedure, g) instruments, h) validity of instruments, i) unit of analysis and j) plan of data
analysis.
3.1 STUDY
AREA
This
research was conducting among students in Faculty of Education in Chemistry,
Shah Alam, Selangor. The researchers are indicates about the good management
that provides by the institutions in the laboratory and also student’s
knowledge about chemicals that can improve students’ awareness in handling
hazardous chemicals that can cause accidents. Many of students nowadays does
not follow the rules in laboratory because their knowledge about chemicals are
weak and also the management are very low in providing facilities.
3.2 RESEARCH
DESIGN
The
study adopted the quantitative research model and also include qualitative
aspects into the study during data collection for consistency of evidence
across source of data (Dikabo Mogopodi B. P., 2015) . Therefore, the
study is engaged with the quantitative study in order to having a respond and
feedback of student of education in chemistry course about their knowledge and
behaviour handling chemicals in the laboratory that provides by the management
of the faculty in UITM, Shah Alam. Qualitative data will be using to support
quantitative data by having some interview notes, transcript to focus group of
chemistry students, answers to some open-ended questions and also some sources
from the internet. All the data can be use to produce some valid inferences (Bougie, 2013) .
3.3 SAMPLING
FRAME
The
sampling frame or the respondent of this study are the students from the faculty
of Education in Chemistry, UITM, Shah Alam that are consist of eight semester
students and each class categorize as one semester. The inclusion criteria
include the respondents who is agrees to participate in this study during the
study is conducted.
3.4 SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
The study is using the simple random
sampling method as the suitable sampling approaches in this study. Simple
random sampling is the basic selection process of sampling and also the easiest
way to understand the technique. Subject of the population are sampled by a
random process which is using random number generator or random number table
from the list name and to make sure each person remaining in the population has
the same probability of being selected for the sample (Frerichs, 2008) . Independent and
equal are the main process of simple random sampling. Equal means no bias that
one person must be chosen rather than another and independent because the
choice of one person does not bias the researcher for against the choice of
another. The steps for choosing from the eight semester are (J.Salkind, 2012)
1. The
definition of the population of the selection place
2. The
listing of all members of the population for each class.
3. The
assignment of numbers to each member of the population.
4. The
use of a criterion to select the sample.
3.5 SAMPLE
SIZE
The study use n=144 respondents from the
whole course of Education Chemistry to be determine. The respondent is from
part one until part eight which mostly using laboratory to do the experiments.
The minimum of respondents should be 144 – 240 respondents by the maximum-
table of Krejcie & Morgan, 1970 (J.Salkind, 2012) .
Table 3.0 Krejcie & Morgan-to measure sample
size
|
N-n
|
N-n
|
N-n
|
N-n
|
N-n
|
|
10-10
|
100-80
|
280-162
|
800-260
|
2800-338
|
|
15-14
|
110-86
|
290-165
|
850-265
|
3000-341
|
|
20-19
|
120-92
|
300-169
|
900-269
|
3500-246
|
|
25-24
|
130-97
|
320-175
|
950-274
|
4000-351
|
|
30-28
|
140-103
|
340-181
|
1000-278
|
4500-351
|
|
35-32
|
150-108
|
360-186
|
1100-285
|
5000-357
|
|
40-36
|
160-113
|
380-181
|
1200-291
|
6000-361
|
|
45-40
|
180-118
|
400-196
|
1300-297
|
7000-364
|
|
50-44
|
190-123
|
420-201
|
1400-302
|
8000-367
|
|
55-48
|
200-127
|
440-205
|
1500-306
|
9000-368
|
|
60-52
|
210-132
|
460-210
|
1600-310
|
10000-373
|
|
65-56
|
220-136
|
480-214
|
1700-313
|
15000-375
|
|
70-59
|
230-140
|
500-217
|
1800-317
|
20000-377
|
|
75-63
|
240-144
|
550-225
|
1900-320
|
30000-379
|
|
80-66
|
250-148
|
600-234
|
2000-322
|
40000-380
|
|
85-70
|
260-152
|
650-242
|
2200-327
|
50000-381
|
|
90-73
|
270-155
|
700-248
|
2400-331
|
75000-382
|
|
95-76
|
270-159
|
750-256
|
2600-335
|
100000-384
|
“N” is
population size
“n” is sample
size
(Krejcie &
Morgan 1970)
3.6 POPULATION
Salkind,
2009 stated that population is the participants that agree to participate
towards the study to generalize the result of the studies. Therefore 144
respondents will be determine and the respondents of this study are the
students of Education Chemistry in the campus of UITM, Shah Alam that are
consist from eight semester for the whole course.
3.7 DATA
COLLECTING PROCEDURE
The
studies will be given questionnaire to the students of Education in Chemistry
and also some interview will be conducting to support the quantitative study
for the purpose to gain information and to strengthen the data collection. This
study are about to rose up the level of safety rules from the management that
provided by the faculty in the laboratory and also the precautions or awareness
of students handling chemicals from the knowledge that they gain during
studying in the class.
3.8 INSTRUMENTS
• Data
will be collect from the respondent through the questionnaire with the 5 point
likert scale (1) to five (5) being: (1) strongly dissatisfied, (2) Dissatisfied, (3) Somewhat Satisfied (4) agree and
(5) strongly satisfied. Some visit will be organize to the faculty laboratories
and an observation sheet also will be using to collect data (Dikabo Mogopodi B. P., 2015) . The questionnaire respondents perceptions on quality
management services practices was adopted from Zeitz, Johannesson and Ritchie
Jr ( 1997). The overall questionnaires then has been prepared in one language
only which is in English. The originality of questionnaire was from Parasuraman
and has been modified. Furthermore the questionnaire were been categorized in
several section which are section A for respondent demographic and section B has
been separate to academic resources, competence, attitude/ responsiveness,
resources for administrators, reliability and responsiveness, and assurance and
empathy.
The questionnaire will be given to
the students of Education in Chemistry at UITM, Shah Alam for content validity.
The reliability of the instruments will be determine by conducting a pilot test
in others faculty that include three courses of chemistry course which were not
part of the population. The feedback from the pilot test was used to improve
the final questionnaire. On the other, descriptive research will be conducting
in this study which specified into;
1. research
questions
2. design
and
3. data
analysis
And thus three types of items will be applied
to the given topic. The descriptive statistics will tell the result what is the
research finding about. The questions asked will determine the type of approach
necessary to complete the accurate assessment (Mclellen, 1995) .
3.9
VALIDITY
OF INSTRUMENTS
The
validity of the instrument was conducted to ensure its content validity. The
content validity is necessary to ensure that all items in the questionnaires
are relevant to measure the outcome (Salkind, 2012).
3.10
UNITS
OF ANALYSIS
The study use questionnaire of good
management in laboratory to have feedback or respond about the result of the
good management in institutions and students’ knowledge about chemicals will improve
the students to become more aware in handling chemicals. The studies are
focusing about the communities from the course of Chemistry of education, UITM
Shah Alam, Selangor.
3.11
PLAN
OF DATA ANALYSIS
The study will be using the
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software to analyse the
quantitative data. Descriptive analysis in the form of frequencies, means, and
standard deviation will be doing. Recommendations from the participants about
improving chemical management practice will also absorb as part of the data (Dikabo Mogopodi B. P., 2015) .
Table 3.1 Plan of data
analysis
|
Research
Objectives
|
Research
Questions
|
Statistics
|
|
To
determine the level of good quality management in institution that provide
safety and health in the laboratory.
|
What
are the level of good quality management in institution that provide safety
and health in the laboratory?
|
Frequency
|
|
To measure the level of knowledge
among students of Education in Chemistry UITM, Shah Alam handling chemicals
in laboratory.
|
What are the level of knowledge among
students of Education in Chemistry UITM, Shah Alam handling chemicals in
laboratory?
|
Frequency
|
|
To identify weather there is a
significant different of student’s knowledge and awareness handling chemicals
between genders in laboratory
|
What are the significant different of
student’s knowledge and awareness handling chemicals between genders in
laboratory?
|
T-test
|
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